Monday, September 23, 2013

Newfoundland and Labrador municipal elections

Newfoundlanders and Labradorians head to the polls tomorrow to elect the municipal governments across the province’s 277 towns and three cities (St. John’s, Mount Pearl and Corner Brook). Up for election are just the municipal councils- electing mayors, councillors and in some cases deputy mayors.

Elections will not be held in numerous communities due to the entire council being acclaimed, as well elections are being deferred in the communities of Duntara, Keels, King’s Cove, Lamaline, Lark Harbour, Little Bay Islands, Lord’s Cove, Lourdes, Nipper’s Harbour, St. Paul’s, Summerford and York Harbour (and possibly others as well).  Some communities such as Anchor Point, Englee and Conche have fewer candidates than positions available.

Among the province’s largest communities (over 5000 people), the towns of Clarenville, Gander, Grand Falls-Windsor, Labrador City, Marystwon and the City of Mount Pearl are all seeing their mayor’s re-elected by acclamation.

Most communities in the province elect their councils on an at-large basis, with no municipal ward system. In fact, only two municipalities have municipal wards: St. John’s and Conception Bay South. St. John’s has five municipal wards, and Conception Bay South has four.  In both cases, these wards elect one member of council, but both cities also have at large councillors elected across the city, who do not stand in one particular ward.


Map of Newfoundland's municipalities
Map of Labrador's municipalities                  

As St. John’s is by far the largest city in the province, and the province’s capital, most of my focus on tomorrow’s election will be there. St. John’s has an 11 member city council consisting of the mayor, deputy mayor, five councillors elected from each of the five city wards, as well as four councillors elected on an at large basis. There will be no election for Ward 1 councillor, as incumbent councillor Danny Breen has been acclaimed. Both the mayor and deputy mayor positions are elected separately on an at large basis.

The race for mayor will be the most closely watched race in the province, as it pits two partisan camps against each other. There are no municipal parties in the city, but the partisan leanings of both major candidates are quite obvious. The incumbent mayor, Dennis O’Keefe is a member of the provincial Progressive Conservative Party, and his main opponent, Sheilagh O’Leary was endorsed by federal NDP leader Thomas Mulcair. (Being endorsed by a federal party leader is unheard of in municipal politics). There is a third candidate as well, Geoff Chaulk, who is a mental health advocate- but is not expected to contend.

                                                                 
O’Keefe has been mayor of St. John’s since 2008, and previously was the city’s deputy mayor (2005-2008) and at-large councillor (1997-2005). Before entering politics, O’Keefe was a teacher. He was first elected as mayor in a 2008 by-election, where he defeated Marie White, a former deputy mayor. O’Keefe was re-elected in 2009, when he defeated Deputy Mayor Ron Ellsworth, 57%-37%. Ellsworth is re-entering politics in this election, as he is running for the open seat of deputy mayor.

O’Keefe’s main opposition comes from Councillor Sheilagh O’Leary. A businesswoman and photographer by training, O’Leary was elected as an at-large councillor for the first time in 2009. Not only did she win a seat on council, she topped the list for the position, winning 6500 more votes then the next candidate. She even won more votes than O’Keefe did-although this would be comparing apples to oranges as voters get four votes for at large council.

An Abacus Data-VOCM poll was conducted earlier this month that showed O’Keefe leads O’Leary 60%-39%, with Chaulk at 1%. However, 30% of those polled were undecided. In the Deputy Mayor race, Ron Ellsworth leads his opponent, transgender activist Jennifer McCreath by 59%.

The 2009 election was less polarizing, as the two main candidates were conservative oriented. Deputy Mayor Ron Ellsworth, who was O’Keefe’s main opposition often clashed with O’Keefe on council on spending matters, perhaps putting him to O’Keefe’s right. A third candidate, Mark Wilson- the leader of a popular local reggae band also ran in the race. While a fringe candidate, Wilson was the only left of centre candidate in the race, and won 6% of the vote.

St. John's neighbourhoods and wards


Special thanks to the City of St. John’s elections office who sent me the ward-by-ward results of the 2009 mayoral race (data not found on the web). The results show that O’Keefe won all 5 wards, but the race in Ward 4 was fairly close, and the only ward where O’Keefe did not win a majority.

2009 results by ward

Ward O'Keefe Ellsworth Wilson
1 (East End) 52.0% 43.4% 4.6%
2 (Central) 56.2% 31.8% 12.0%
3 (West End) 65.0% 31.0% 4.0%
4 (North) 49.1% 45.2% 5.7%
5 (South) 65.9% 30.8% 3.3%

O'Keefe support by ward (2009)
Ellsworth support by ward (2009)













































Wilson support by ward (2009)
O’Keefe’s support was strongest in the more suburban west end of the city (ward 3), and the suburban/rural
/remote Ward 5, which covers the sparsely populated expansive southern 3/4ths of the city. Ward 4 was O’Keefe’s weakest ward. This ward covers the semi-suburban northern part of the city, which also includes Memorial University. This ward was also Ellsworth’s strongest ward. Wilson’s strongest ward by war was Ward 2, which covers the city’s downtown core. This must be where the city’s reggae fans are concentrated.

With O’Keefe having a large lead over O’Leary, he will in all likelihood win all 5 wards of the city. However, if O’Leary is to win any ward, it will likely be Ward 2, which takes in the more progressive downtown. Ward 2 encompasses a large portion of the provincial riding of Signal Hill-Quidi Vidi, which the NDP has held for 23 years.  The more suburban wards cover more Tory friendly areas, which should be strong areas for O’Keefe.

We’ll find out the results tomorrow evening when polls close on 8pm (6:30 Eastern).








Friday, September 20, 2013

Nova Scotia 2013 election: September 20 projections (a tale of 2 projections)


We’re now full steam into the Nova Scotia election campaign, and we’ve finally seen the first poll release of the campaign, coming from top Atlantic Canada pollster Corporate Research Associates (CRA). They polled 406 Nova Scotians between Sept 12 and Sept 18 and found the following:


Sept 12-18 poll
Change from Aug poll
Liberal
48
+7
NDP
28
-3
PC
23
-2
Green
2
-1

Just when we thought the NDP would be making a come back with CRA’s poll conducted in August (which showed the NDP 10 points down, up from a 19 point deficit in the Spring), this poll suggests the Liberals have picked up steam over the early part of the campaign.

I have put these numbers into a spreadsheet to see how this break down would results seat-wise based on the transposed results of the last election, in 2009. The results are no surprise; the Liberals would win a majority- but not the landslide that a 20 point lead might suggest:


Projected seat total
Liberal
28
NDP
13
PC
10

Breakdown by seat: 


Map based on these numbers

But…


A huge concern in the polling industry in this country is the under-polling of a certain percentage of “silent” voters who for whatever reason (perhaps due to not answering pollsters, lying to pollsters, or legitimately deciding who to vote for at the last minute) don’t show up in polling data. We have seen in recent provincial elections in Alberta and BC where the incumbent party went into election day well behind in polls, but ended up with decisive victories on election day. Will Nova Scotia show the same phenomena? Maybe, but maybe not. The incumbent party is behind, and is unpopular in the province. Many NDP supporters may be lying to pollsters because of the unpopularity of such an opinion. There is also a large percentage of undecided voters (22% according to the CRA poll), which means if most of that 22% go NDP, it could make the election close. Both the Alberta and BC elections also saw a large percentage of undecideds making up their mind at the last moment. However, this may be where the similarities end. Both the incumbent parties in BC and Alberta were parties who have been in power a long time, and are parties on the centre-right- perhaps an ideology closer to those people who were underpolled in those elections. The NDP however is an activist party of the left, and could be less likely to appeal to those types of voters. One glimmer of hope for the NDP on this front is, they have governed the province from the centre, so they may still appeal to silent centrist voters. But, voters may be more likely to want to ditch the NDP because they have only been in power for one term, unlike the Liberals in BC who have been in power since 1996 or the Tories in Alberta who have been in power since cavemen walked the Earth (actually, 1971). Finally, the elections in BC and Alberta saw the rise of new right wing parties that changed the electoral landscape (admittedly, the BC Conservatives faded away by the time of the election there, however the threat of vote splitting may have helped the Liberals win at the last moment). This hasn’t happened in Nova Scotia. There are no new major parties that have arisen.  Additionally, the opposition Liberals have had the same leader since 2007, who has already fought a general election. The opposition parties in BC had new leaders fighting for the first time.

Anyways, let’s pretend for a moment that the polls are indeed wrong, and that come Election Day, a large ‘silent’ portion of the electorate come out and vote NDP. In both the Alberta and BC elections, we saw about a 10% difference between the poll numbers and the actual result for the two main parties. If we apply this to the CRA poll, this gives us a 38-38 tie between the NDP and Liberals. And what does my spreadsheet say for such a result?


Adjusted projected seat total
NDP
26
Liberal
16
PC
9


Breakdown by seat:



Map based on these adjusted numbers


Despite a popular vote tie, the NDP squeaks out a bare majority of the seats, based on the 2009 transposed results. The story behind this is that the electoral geography in the province really benefits the NDP. While the Liberals rack up massive majorities in their safe seats (like in West Nova and the Halifax suburbs), the NDP ekes out a number of wins in marginal seats across the province. Of course, when you apply the real poll numbers, all of these marginal seats disappear leaving the province very Liberal red and could result in the NDP being nearly wiped out. Of course, this is just what my spreadsheet is telling me. The real story on the ground is very different.


Methodology


An important note is that these numbers are in no way my actual predictions for the election. They are simply just taking the 2009 transposed results and redistributing each party’s proportion in each riding based on poll numbers. (I have only made an adjustment in one riding- Cumberland North due to a strong (former PC) Independent running in 2009, whose vote share I have combined with the Tories). I have done this across the province as a whole, since CRA has not published any regional breakdowns in their polls. If any pollster does do regional breakdowns, I will alter my data accordingly.

 I have in the past done actual predictions, but since my new position with a reputable polling firm, I have decided against it due to possible conflict of interest.

Monday, September 9, 2013

2013 Nova Scotia election: A look at the new electoral map of the province.


On Saturday, Nova Scotia Premier Darrell Dexter announced that Nova Scotians would be heading the polls on October 8, ending months of speculation as to when the province would be going to the polls. Dexter currently leads the first N.D.P. Government in provincial history, which was elected in 2009. Going into Saturday's announcement, his party trails the Liberals by 10 points, according to the most recent CRA poll conducted in August.

 
Nova Scotia's 51 new provincial ridings


The 2013 election will be fought on new boundaries, which were drawn up last year, amid some controversy. The election will fought in 51 ridings, instead of the 52 that were contested last election. Rural Nova Scotia will be losing three ridings, while the Halifax Metro area will be gaining 2 seats. The Halifax Regional Municipality is the fastest growing census division in the province (increasing 4.7% between 2006 and 2011), while all but six census divisions (counties) in Nova Scotia are seeing a decrease in population. Nova Scotia as a whole saw an increase of just 0.9% between censuses.

The biggest controversy surrounding the boundary changes was due to the fact that four specially designated ethnic ridings (three Acadian, and one African Nova Scotian) were to be abolished. These four ridings were significantly underpopulated, as their existence was to give minority groups representation in the legislature. This fact may not be backed up by reality however, as the African Nova Scotian riding, Preston- is currently represented by a White MLA (but has in the past elected MLAs of African descent, including a New Democrat). The government was criticized, because they passed legislation recommending that all ridings be of equal size, which meant that these four ridings, all held by opposition parties would be abolished (i.e. merged into neighbouring ridings). The Liberals and Tories opposed the plan.
 
Elections Nova Scotia was nice enough to publish the re-distributed 2009 election results for the new riding boundaries. However, where there were more recent by-elections, they used the results from those by-elections in their redistributed results. Why they did this is a mystery, as it makes the data inconsistent, and makes comparing to the 2009 election an incomplete task. However, thanks to krago from the uselectionatlas, who sent me poll maps from the ridings that had by-elections (now since taken down from the Elections Nova Scotia site), I was able to figure out the redistributed results for those ridings myself.
Here are the 2009 election results for the new ridings that overlap ridings that had by-elections since the 2009 election:

New riding NDP votes (%) Lib votes (%) PC votes (%) Grn votes (%) Oth votes (%)
Antigonish 2989 (34.6) 2189 (25.3) 3313 (38.3) 148 (1.7)
Guysborough-Eastern Shore-Tracadie 4004 (50.2) 1786 (22.4) 2085 (26.2) 95 (1.2)
Northside-Westmount 3974 (41.1) 1805 (18.67) 3741 (38.7) 148 (1.5)
Victoria-The Lakes 2165 (28.6) 2221 (29.3) 2931 (38.7) 167 (2.2) 97 (1.3)
Cumberland South 1917 (27.1) 395 (5.6) 4447 (62.8) 104 (1.5) 221 (3.1)
Inverness 1365 (17.2) 1601 (20.2) 4647 (58.7) 302 (3.8)
Cape Breton-Richmond 2175 (26.8) 3720 (45.9) 2078 (25.6) 129 (1.6)

In addition, the ridings of Glace Bay and Yarmouth had by-elections since 2009, but their boundaries have not changed, so there was no need to find the redistributed results, just use the 2009 results in those ridings.
The Elections Nova Scotia redistributed results show the NDP winning Antigonish, the Liberals winning Inverness, the Liberals winning Yarmouth and the Tories winning Northside-Westmount. However, this is due to the by-elections that happened since the last election. In 2009, these four new ridings would have all gone PC except Northside-Westmount which would have gone NDP (surprisingly, since its predecessor riding, Cape Breton North went PC).




Having a look at the redistributed results, it is clear that the NDP does go into this election with a more favourable map than in 2009. The redistributed results would have given them two new seats, while the Liberals would have won two fewer, and the Tories would have won one fewer:
Party 2009 seats (actual) 2009 seats (new boundaries)
NDP 31 33 (+2)
Liberals 11 9 (-2)
PC 10 9 (-1)

As mentioned, rural Nova Scotia loses three seats. One in Cape Breton, one in West Nova, and one on the south shore. Two are gained in the Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM). While the loss of a seat in the South Shore means a loss of a seat for the NDP, this is gained by a favourable redistribution in Cape Breton which would give them the new riding of Northside-Westmount, plus the addition of the two new HRM ridings which would have gone NDP. The Liberals lose two seats, one in West Nova and one in Cape Breton. The Tories’ loss goes to the NDP as the former Cape Breton North riding which was won by the PCs has taken a chunk out of the former riding of Cape Breton South which went Liberal, but the had the Tories finish a distant third. The result gives the NDP a narrow notional win. 

Pictogram created by Space7 at uselectionatlas.org of the new ridings coloured by how they went in 2009 (same colour key)


Redistribution highlights


  • In West Nova, the underpopulated Acadian riding of Clare has been merged with neighbouring riding Digby-Annapolis to form the new riding of Clare-Digby. Clare was one of the three Acadian ridings that were previously protected but were abolished in the new redistribution. Both Digby-Annapolis and Clare-Digby were Liberal ridings, and neither incumbent (Wayne Gaudet or Harold Theriault) are running for re-election. The rest of the ridings in the region were retained, with Annapolis taking in the Annapolis County portion of the former Digby-Annapolis riding.
  • On the South Shore, the ridings of Queens and Shelburne have been merged together into the new riding of Queens-Shelburne. Both Queens and Shelburne went NDP in 2009. Shelburne MLA Sterling Belliveau will be seeking re-election in the new district, while Queens MLA Vicki Conrad will be resigning. Elsewhere in the region, the Acadian riding of Argyle has expanded to include the District of Barrington which was previously in the riding of Shelburne. Argyle was one of those underpopulated minority ridings that were previously protected. Redistribution may not affect its representation, as Argyle MLA and Acadian Chris d’Entremont will be seeking re-election in Argyle-Barrington. In addition to this, Lunenburg West expands westward a bit to take in part of the former riding of Queens
  • In Northern Nova Scotia, there was little in terms of boundary changes, except some of Cumberland North being transferred to Cumberland South. In terms of riding name changes, Truro-Bible Hill becomes the convoluted “Truro-Bible Hill-Millbrook-Salmon River” despite having no boundary changes.
  • In Central Nova, the underpopulated (due to Guysborough County being the fastest shrinking county in the province) Guysborough-Sheet Harbour riding is expanding to take in a small portion of Antigonish riding (Antigonish County being the second fastest growing county in the province) and will be renamed “Guysborough-Eastern Shore-Tracadie”.
  • As mentioned, Cape Breton loses one seat. The entire island has been redistributed, with only four ridings retaining the same name. Cape Breton loses one riding, but since there is one vacancy in the region, all 8 incumbents have found separate seats to run in, in a “musical chairs” type scenario. The ridings of Cape Breton Centre, Glace Bay, Inverness and Victoria-The Lakes are the only ridings to retain their names, and of those only Glace Bay retains the same boundaries as the 2009 election. If we want to pick a riding that has been abolished, we might as well pick the vacated riding-Cape Breton South. A majority of this riding will be retained in the new riding of Sydney-Whitney Pier, but more of that riding has come from Cape Breton Nova. The other three new ridings are Cape Breton-Richmond (created from all of the Acadian riding of Richmond, and small parts of Inverness and Cape Breton West), Northside-Westmound (created from most of Cape Breton North and part of Cape Breton South), and Sydney River-Mira-Louisbourg (created mostly from Cape Breton West, and from small parts of Cape Breton South and Cape Breton Nova). The loss of the Cape Breton South riding means a loss of a safe Liberal seat in the region.
  • The growth in central Halifax has ensured that the region would gain one new seat- which if it existed in 2009, would have ensured the NDP would win an extra seat. Just two ridings in central Halifax will be retaining their names: Halifax Chebucto and Halifax Needham. An additional riding- Halifax Citadel-Sable Island is only adding “Sable Island” despite Sable Island already being in the riding of Halifax Citadel, and having a grand total population of five. These three ridings- located on the urban Halifax Peninsula, only faced minor boundary changes, while the more suburban central Halifax ridings experienced more changes to accommodate an additional riding. Most of Halifax Clayton Park becomes the new riding of “Clayton Park West”, while the riding of Halifax Fairview effectively splits into two new ridings: Halifax Armdale and Fairview-Atlantic.  Both of these ridings would have gone NDP had they existed in 2009.
  • Growth in the Halifax suburbs have also ensured that that region will also gain a seat, and again this would mean the NDP would’ve won an extra seat in this region in 2009. In this area, just four ridings retain their name: Halifax Atlantic, Sackville-Cobequid, Timberlea-Prospect and Waverley-Fall River-Beaver Bank. These four ridings saw only minor changes with redistribution. Outside of these ridings, there now exists three ridings where there used to be two. The new riding of Bedford has been carved out of the riding of Bedford-Birch Cove, while the riding of Hammonds Plains-Upper Sackville has been split into two new ridings: Sackville-Beaver Bank and Hammonds Plains-Lucasville. Hammons Plains-Upper Sackville MLA Mat Whynott will be running in Sackville-Beaver Bank, leaving the riding of Hammonds Plains-Lucasville without an incumbent. For the record- both of these new ridings would have gone NDP in 2009.
  • Finally, on the Dartmouth-Cole Harbour side of the HRM, there will be no new ridings, but a lot of ridings have been moved about. The area, which is mostly suburban is still growing, but will see no new ridings because one riding- Preston is one of those underpopulated minority ridings (this time representing Nova Scotia’s historic African community) and has to be abolished due to its small size. The Preston riding is expanding to include small parts of the ridings of Dartmouth East and Eastern Shore, and part of the now defunct Cole Harbour riding. The riding will be renamed “Preston-Dartmouth” and retains its Liberal advantage. Outside of this riding, the ridings of Cole Harbour-Eastern Passage, Dartmouth East, Dartmouth North and Eastern Passage all retain their names. The only name changes came as a result of transferring Portland Valley from Dartmouth South-Portland Valley (to become just “Dartmouth South”) to Cole Harbour (which will now be “Cole Harbour-Portland Valley”). Other than this change, only minor changes to the other ridings occurred.


While it is clear the NDP have the advantage on paper thanks to these new boundaries, only time will tell if this will help them on Election Day. The way polls are going for the NDP, they will need more than just the extra two ridings they would have gained thanks to redistribution to win the election in October. However, the way pollsters are low-balling incumbent parties in recent elections across the country, anything can happen. In the coming weeks of the campaign, look to this site for cartographic projections of the polls, as I attempt to map the outcome of the election.


Wednesday, July 31, 2013

"Super Thursday" by-elections in Ontario


Signs in Ottawa South
Five by-elections go today in Ontario in rookie Premier Kathleen Wynne’s first electoral test since being chosen as Liberal leader in February. All five by-elections were caused as the result of Liberal resignations, which means the one-seat minority government that Wynne leads will not turn into a majority like it could have in the Kitchener-Waterloo by-election last September. In fact, what is more likely to happen is Wynne’s government will be weakened even more, as she is most likely going to lose at least one riding, and could even lose all of them!
Locations of the 5 by-elections

The by-elections are being held in five mostly urban ridings, across southern Ontario, all previously held by high profile Liberals: Ottawa South (caused by the resignation of former Premier Dalton McGuinty), Scarborough-Guildwood (caused by the resignation of former Minister of Consumer Services Margarett Best), Etobicoke-Lakeshore (caused by the resignation of Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs Laurel Broten), London West (caused by the resignation of former Minister of Energy Chris Betley) and Windsor-Tecumseh (caused by the resignation of former Minister of Finance Dwight Duncan). One can only wonder why the huge departure of so many high ranking Liberals. Is it not wanting to deal with a minority legislature, or is it something to do with Wynne?

All five seats will be exciting to watch, because all five have the possibility of being lost by the Liberals. Of the five, three are held by non-Liberal MPs in the federal House of Commons. Only Ottawa South (Dalton’s brother, David McGuinty) and Scarborough-Guildwood (John McKay) are held by Liberals. Current polling suggests that the Liberals lead in only Scarborough-Guildwood, but even that riding is no sure bet, as the Tories and NDP are close behind.

Speaking of polls, the most recent (July 30/31) Forum Research polls in each riding show the following:

Ottawa South: PC: 52%; Lib: 36%; NDP: 9%; Grn: 3%
Scarborough-Guildwood: Lib: 38%; PC: 31%; NDP: 27%; Grn: 3%
Etobicoke-Lakeshore: PC: 47%; Lib: 43%; NDP: 7%; Grn: 3%
London West: PC: 38%; NDP: 36%; Lib: 15%; Grn: 6%; Other: 5%
Windsor-Tecumseh: NDP: 52%; PC: 28%; Lib: 12%; Grn: 6%

And polls done by Corporate Research (July 30):

Ottawa South: PC: 42%; Lib: 35%; NDP: 12%; Grn: 6%
Scarborough-Guildwood: Lib: 37%; PC: 32%; NDP: 24%; Grn: 3%
Etobicoke-Lakeshore: Lib: 43%; PC: 42%; NDP: 11%; Grn: 3%
London West: PC: 33%; NDP: 30%; Lib: 19%; Grn: 8%; Fdm: 9%
Windsor-Tecumseh: NDP: 52%; PC: 22%; Lib: 16%; Grn: 5%


And now, a look at each of the five ridings:

Ottawa South


Ottawa South is my home riding, the one I was born in and the one where I grew up in. I feel I have a special attachment here, and out of all the ridings in the province, I know Ottawa South the best. The riding is located in the south end of the city, and is a combination of post-war suburbs and more recent developments. The riding runs from the Queensway in the north down to the Macdonald-Cartier Airport in the south, and from the Rideau River in the west to Highway 417 in the east. The riding is often considered a “safe Liberal” seat, as it is one of the few ridings that went Liberal in the 2011 federal election. However, the riding is more of a right-Liberal riding, as the Liberals it tends to elect are more right wing. Municipally, the ward that makes up much of the riding- Alta Vista- has mostly elected conservative leaning councillors. The current councillor, Peter Hume, is a Red Tory (moderate conservative). Prior to the late 1980s, the riding actually did vote conservative. In fact, the Ottawa South provincial riding went exclusively conservative from its creation in 1926 until 1987. Although before 1967, the riding was located in central Ottawa, and not where it is today. The riding has been nicknamed “McGuintyland”, as it has been represented by Dalton’s father (Dalton, Sr.) before Dalton Jr. provincially, and it is currently represented by Dalton’s brother federally.

MPPs (following Russell before 1967)

1)      Wm. Craig, Cons. (1867-1874)
2)      A.J. Baker, Cons. (1875-1883)
3)      Honore Robillard, Cons. (1883-1886)
4)      A. Robillard, Liberal (1886-1898)
5)      Onesime Guibord, Liberal (1898-1904)
6)      Damase Racine, Liberal (1905-1921)
7)      Alfred Goulet, Liberal (1921-1923)
8)      Aurelien Belanger, Liberal (1923-1926); Ind-Lib (1926-1929)
9)      C.A. Seguin, Cons. (1929-1934)
10)  Arthur Desrosiers, Liberal (1934-1937)
11)  Romeo Begin, Liberal (1937-1948)
12)  J.D. Nault, Prog. Cons. (1948-1954)
13)  Gordon Lavergne, Prog. Cons. (1954-1963)
14)  A.B.R. Lawrence, Prog. Cons. (1963-1967)
15)  W.I. Haskett, Prog. Cons. (1967-1971)
16)  C.F. Bennett, Prog. Cons. (1971-1987)
17)  D.J.P. McGuinty (Sr.), Liberal (1987-1990)
18)  D.J.P. McGuinty (Jr.), Liberal (1990-2013)

Political geography

2011 poll map
 
The riding is very static in its voting, with the Liberals regularly getting around 50% of the vote provincially and between 45 and 50% federally in recent elections. This has resulted in fairly static political geography as well. The Liberals usually win almost all areas of the riding, except the far southern end of the riding, which is more “suburban” in nature. Blossom Park, a community in the former city of Gloucester is regularly the most conservative part of the riding, couple with the Uplands area, next to the Airport. The 2011 election saw the Tories won isolated polls outside this area, but nothing concentrated. In past federal election, the Tories have also had strong results in areas like Urbandal Acres (2011), Riverside Park South (2008), and Elmvale Acres (in 2006). While the Liberals tend to do well nearly everywhere in the riding, but their most consistently best area is the Alta Vista area, basically everything included in the old pre-1994 Alta Vista Ward. The Liberals also routinely do well in the ethnically diverse and lower class Heron Gate neighbourhood. This neighbourhood is often the best area for the NDP as well, depending on who the candidate is. The area has a high Somali and Arab population, so candidates from one of those backgrounds tend to do well there, eating into Liberal votes. The NDP did not win any polls in the 2011 provincial election, but won a scattering of polls in the 2011 federal election (mostly in lower class apartments or community housing projects).

Candidates

The Liberals are running McGuinty’s constituency aid, John Fraser. The Tories are running multinational defence contractor Matt Young, the NDP is running School Board Trustee Bronwyn Funicello and the Greens are running 2011 Glengarry-Prescott-Russell candidate Taylor Howarth.  Fraser has been running on (notably not “away from”) his record as McGuinty’s aide. This has been backfiring for him in the polls. While Ottawa South may be the most McGuinty-friendly riding in the province, it is still not immune from the toxicity of Dalton McGuinty and the recent scandals that have come out (most notably the gas plant scandal). Matt Young is a young, energetic candidate, but has little name recognition. He has been bolstered however by a strong anti-Liberal protest vote which could carry him into Queen’s Park. The NDP is running perhaps their strongest candidate ever, and the strongest possible candidate they could ever hope for in the vice-chair of the Ottawa-Carleton District School Board. Funicello’s zone covers the Alta Vista Ward which is in the riding, as well as her home Ward of Rideau-Rockcliffe (which is not in the riding). This gives her name recognition in the riding, and while she may hail from Rideau-Rockcliffe, much of her support in past school board elections have come from Alta Vista. Despite her name recognition and star power, Funicello has polled rather low, proving that the NDP will probably never have a chance in Ottawa South.


Scarborough-Guildwood


Scarborough-Guildwood is one of the newer ridings in Scarborough, being formed out of Scarborough East in 2004. It is located in south-central Scarborough, and is named for one of its more notable neighbourhoods, Guildwood. (Guildwood is also the name of the GO Station in the riding). Guildwood is not the only neighbourhood in the riding. It also includes West Hill, Scarborough Village, Woburn, Bendale, Cliffcrest, Eglinton East and Morningside. The riding runs from Bellamy Rd in the west to Highland Creek in the east, and from Lake Ontario in the south to Highway 401 in the north. While the riding may be the Liberal’s best bet to win any seat in the by-elections, it hasn’t always been a safe Liberal seat. If you count Scarborough East as the riding’s predecessor, than the riding has only been Liberal since 2003. Federally, the riding has been Liberal since 1993.

MPPs:

1)      H.P. Crosby, Liberal (1867-1874)
2)      Jn. Lane, Liberal (1874-1879)
3)      G.W. Badgerow, Liberal (1879-1886)
4)      G.B. Smith, Liberal (1886-1894)
5)      Jn. Richardson, Liberal (1894-1905)
6)      Alex. McCowan, Cons. (1905-1913)
7)      G.S. Henry, Cons. (1913-1943)
8)      Ms. A.C. Macphail, CCF (1943-1945)
9)      Jn. Leslie, Prog. Cons. (1945-1948)
10)  Ms. A.C. Macphail, CCF (1948-1951) 2nd time
11)  H.E. Beckett, Prog. Cons. (1951-1955)
12)  Richard Sutton, Prog. Cons. (1955-1963)
13)  L.M. Hodgson, Prog. Cons. (1963-1967)
14)  T.E. Reid, Liberal (1967-1971)
15)  Ms. Margaret Birch, Prog. Cons. (1971-1985)
16)  E.A. Fulton, Liberal (1985-1990)
17)  R.T.S. Frankford, NDP (1990-1995)
18)  S. Gilchrist, Prog. Cons. (1995-2003)
19)  Ms. M.A.V. Chambers, Liberal (2003-2007)
20)  Ms. M.R. Best, Liberal (2007-2013)

Political geography

2011 poll map

 

Politically speaking, the riding is quite homogenous. Best’s 20 point victory in the 2011 election reduced the Tory candidate to winning just nine polls. None of the polls were concentrated in any one part of the riding. Best’s support wasn’t very concentrated either, except for perhaps in smaller, high-density polls. Federally, the 2011 election in the riding was a very close one, but not one that showed much of a geographical divide in the riding.  One thing that does stand out is that Liberal support in the riding seems to be somewhat concentrated not in any particular neighbourhoods, but along the major thoroughfares of the riding, especially Lawrence Ave. Lawrence Ave is home to many Liberal-voting apartment complexes.  The Conservatives tend to do better away from the major roads, in the more suburban areas. Their best areas have historically have been the west half of the Morningside neighbourhood and the eastern half of the West Hill neighbourhood. The NDP, which won no polls in the riding in the provincial election, won quite a few in the federal election. These were also found in the high-density apartment complexes spread across the riding, but also in parts of Morningside and Scarborough Village. However, the cleavages found in the 2011 federal election were less apparent in the 2011 provincial election.

Candidates

One thing to know about Scarborough-Guildwood is how diverse it is. Over half the population of the riding is foreign born, and includes a large South Asian, Filipino and West Indian population. The Liberals and Tories both selected minority candidates to reflect the riding’s diversity. The Liberals are running the CEO of the Greater Toronto CivicAction Alliance, Mitzie Hunter. Like Best, Hunter is also a Jamaican immigrant. It should be noted that 10% of the riding comes from either Guyana, Jamaica or Trinidad and Tobago. The Tories are running Sri Lankan immigrant and realtor Ken Kirupa.  The Sri Lankan population in the riding is huge in of itself, numbering 8000 immigrants. While the Liberals and Tories selected candidates with strong ethnic ties, the NDP brought out their own big gun with their candidate, former Toronto city councillor Adam Giambrone. Giambrone represented Davenport on city council, a far cry from Scarborough, but he still brings name recognition to the table, as he had an aborted run for mayor of the city in 2010. Giambrone’s name comes with controversy however, as his 2010 mayoral campaign was cut short due to a sex scandal. The Greens are running Nick Leeson, a local lawyer. If the riding splits on an ethnic divide, it is possible that Giambrone could come up the middle and win. The NDP has little history in the area, having only won it in 1990, although it is riding like this one that the party has to win to form government. The party did win 27% of the vote in the federal election. However, the Liberals, with their recent history in the riding still have the advantage. It should be noted that the South Asian community in the riding is significantly larger than the West Indian, so if an ethnic cleavage occurs, the Tories have the advantage.


Etobicoke-Lakeshore


Further to the west on the shore of Lake Ontario, is another lakefront riding, Etobicoke-Lakeshore. The riding represents the southern third of the former borough of Etobicke in the southwestern corner of the city. The riding consists of the neigbourhoods of Islington, The Kingsway, Mimico, New Toronto, Alderwood, Eatonville, the Queensway and Long Branch. The riding has the highest Slavic language speaking population in the country. The riding is a Liberal leaning bellwether seat, which was the seat that former federal Liberal leader Michael Ignatieff held and lost in the 2011 federal election. It has voted Liberal federally most of the time since its creation, except when the Tories have formed majority governments- in 1984, 1988 and 2011. It also went NDP once, in 1972. Provincially the riding has been a bellwether since 1990, having voted for the winning party in every election since then. Before 1990, it has a swing riding between the NDP and Tories.

MPPs:

1)      Thos. Grahame, Cons. (1867-1871)
2)      Peter Patterson, Liberal (1871-1883)
3)      Jn. Gray, Cons. (1883-1886)
4)      J.T. Gilmour, Liberal (1886-1894)
5)      J.W. St. John, Cons. (1894-1898)
6)      W.J. Hill, Liberal (1898-1902)
7)      J.W. St. John, Cons. (1902-1907) 2nd time
8)      F.E. Godfrey, Cons. (1907-1932)
9)      H.I. Price, Cons. (1932-1934)
10)  W.J. Gardhouse, Liberal (1934-1943)
11)  C.H. Millard, CCF (1943-1945)
12)  J.P. Allan, Prog. Cons. (1945-1948)
13)  C.H. Millard, CCF (1948-1951) 2nd time
14)  W.E. Brandon, Prog. Cons. (1951-1956)
15)  H.L. Rowntree, Prog. Cons (1956-1963)
16)  R.A. Eagelson, Prog. Cons. (1963-1967)
17)  P.D. Lawlor, NDP (1967-1981)
18)  A. Kolyn, Prog. Cons. (1981-1985)
19)  Ms. R.A. Grier, NDP (1985-1995)
20)  Morley Kells, Prog. Cons. (1995-2003)
21)  Ms. L.C. Broten, Liberal (2003-2013)

Political geography

2011 poll map


The 2011 provincial election saw Broten win the riding over her the Tories by 22 points. She won in nearly every part of the riding, losing only 15 polls to the Tories. The Tories did win a small cluster of polls in the Kingsway neighbourhood and another cluster in the Queensway area. The best the NDP could do is tie in three polls with 15% of the vote. Despite the NDP’s history in the riding, the demographics have changed so much that they are no longer much of a factor. The 2011 federal election is a better indicator of the riding’s true cleavages, as the Liberals and Tories were much closer, with MP Bernard Trottier defeating Ignatieff by just 5 points. The NDP did will as well, winning 20% of the vote. In the federal election, the Liberals and NDP won the polls along the lakefront, in Mimico and in New Toronto. The Liberals were also quite strong in the cluster of apartments in Islington Village. The Tories dominated much of the rest of the riding, doing particularly well in The Kingsway and in the condominiums along Humber Bay. The Kingsway, north of Bloor has been historically the most Tory friendly neighbourhood in the riding.

Candidates

The race in Etobicoke-Lakeshore is a 2 horse race between two sitting Toronto city councillors. The Liberals are running local councillor Peter Milczyn, who is the son of Polish immigrants. Despite his Liberal affiliation, Milczyn was a supporter of right wing mayor Rob Ford on city council. His main opponent is Tory candidate Doug Holyday, another city councillor Deputy Mayor of Toronto. Holyday is also a Rob Ford supporter, but unlike Milczyn, does not represent the area on city council. Instead, he represents part of the neighbouring Etobicoke Centre ward. Not to be undone, the NDP has a “star” candidate of their own, in Malaysian immigrant Pak-Cheong “P.C.” Choo, a former School Trustee on the Etobicoke Board of Education. The Greens are running their 2011 candidate Angela Salewsky once again. In Etobicoke, where mayor Rob Ford is still somewhat popular, the fact that two of his allies are running, and both have a chance to win is not a surprise. As mentioned, the area has become much more right wing over the last couple of decades, and what was once an NDP-friendly riding is now an afterthought for the party.


London West


Take a ride on the 401 west for a few hours, and hit our next by-election riding, London West. The riding takes in the western third of the city of London. The riding takes in the western suburban part of the city, but also includes the more urban South London area. Federally, the riding has gone back and forth between the Liberals and Conservatives since its creation in 1968. It has been held Tory Ed Holder since 2008, and before that was held by Liberal Sue Barnes from 1993 to 2008. Provincially the riding is also a swing seat. Since its creation in 1999, it has been represented by Tory Bob Wood (1999-2003) and then Liberal Chris Bentley (2003-2013). Before the 1999 redistribution that made provincial riding boundaries line up with federal riding boundaries, London was divided between North and South (and Central) as opposed to the federal division between West, North Centre and Fanshawe (eastern London). However, much of London West was created out of the previous London South riding, and Bob Wood represented both ridings while in office.

MPPs:

1)      Jn. Carling, Cons. (1867-1872)
2)      W.R. Meredith, Cons. (1872-1894)
3)      T.S. Hobbs, Liberal (1894-1898)
4)      F.B. Leys, Liberal (1898-1902)
5)      Adam Beck, Cons. (1902-1919)
6)      H.A. Stevenson, Labour (1919-1923)
7)      Adam Beck, Cons. (1923-1926) 2nd time
8)      J.C. Wilson, Cons. (1926-1929)
9)      J.P. Moore, Cons. (1929-1934)
10)  A.S. Duncan, Liberal (1934-1943)
11)  W.G. Webster, Prog. Cons. (1943-1948)
12)  C.C. Calder, Liberal (1948-1951)
13)  J.R. Robarts, Prog. Cons. (1951-1955)
14)  G.E. Jackson, Prog. Cons. (1955-1959)
15)  J.H. White, Prog. Cons. (1959-1975)
16)  J.P. Ferris, Liberal (1975-1977)
17)  G.W. Walker, Prog. Cons. (1977-1985)
18)  Mrs. E.J. Smith, Liberal (1985-1990)
19)  David Winninger, NDP (1990-1995)
20)  Rbt. Wood, Prog. Cons. (1995-2003)
21)  C. Bentley, Liberal (2003-2013)

Political geography

2011 poll map

 

Outgoing MPP Chris Bentley won this seat in 2011 by 16 points, which ensured that he would win most polls in the riding. Despite finishing 2nd, the Tories actually won fewer polls than the NDP. This is because the more urban part of the riding in the south end of London is an NDP-Liberal area, whereas the rest of the riding is a dead zone for the NDP, where the Tories come up 2nd in most polls. The Tories did win a cluster of polls surrounding the London Hunt & Country Club. This was also their strongest area in the 2011 federal election, where they won almost all the suburban polls in the riding. While the Liberals won most of the polls in the suburban part of the riding in the 2011 provincial election, their strongest area was in the more urban part of the riding, in South London. The NDP won a splattering of polls, including a cluster in South London, along the riding’s boundary with London-Fanshawe, a seat the NDP won. In the 2011 federal election, a similar situation occurred where the NDP won more polls than the Liberals, despite the Liberals finishing ahead of the NDP, in 2nd.  The Liberals finished 2nd across the riding, but the NDP won the urban areas while the Tories won the suburban areas of the riding. The Liberals only won a cluster of polls in South London.

Candidates

The race in London West has developed into a two-candidate race between the Tories and the NDP. The Liberals were supposed to contend here with their star candidate in Ken Coran, President of the Ontario Secondary School Teachers Federation. However, the fact that Coran was out in the Kitchener-Waterloo by-election last year campaigning against the Liberals has put much controversy on his campaign, and it has hurt him badly, pushing him to third place. And the teachers have a place to go in the NDP candidate, Thames Valley District School Board trustee (noticing a trend here?) Peggy Sattler.
The Tories are running their 2011 candidate, London lawyer Ali Chahbar. The Greens are running their 2007 and 2011 candidate, Gary Brown. There is also one other candidate of note, Al Gretzky of the Freedom Party. He is the uncle of Wayne Gretzky, and was also the federal Conservative candidate in this riding in 2006. His name recognition might siphon enough votes off of Chahbar to put the NDP ahead, and might vault Gretzky into fourth place, ahead of the Greens. And, he is running a very strong campaign apparently, and probably makes up almost all of the 5% of “Other” in the in Forum Research poll. The Tories have a lot of history in the riding though, and will likely win the seat. The NDP has little history in the riding, and while are strong in the urban part of the riding, are an afterthought in the western suburbs.


Windsor-Tecumseh


The fifth and final by-election is taking place in the riding of Windsor-Tecumeh. If the Forum Research poll is to be believed, this will be the least exciting race of the five by-elections, as the NDP is expected to easily win the seat. The riding, which takes in the east half of Windsor and the Town of Tecumseh is a safe NDP seat federally as well. The riding begins in the Windsor community of Walkerville in the west, and runs east until the community of St. Clair Beach in Tecumseh. The riding is mostly urban, except for the southern part of Tecumseh, which is rural. Federally, the seat has voted for MP Joe Comartin since 2000, and has gone between the Liberals and NDP in the past before that. Since the provincial riding was created in 1999, it has voted for Liberal Dwight Duncan in every election. However, one of its predecessor ridings, Windsor-Riverside was a safe NDP seat, going NDP every election from 1967 to 1999. However, Dwight Duncan was redistricted in from Windsor-Walkerville, a seat he had held since 1995. He defeated Wayne Lessard, the MPP for Windsor-Riverside in the 1999 election. However, Windsor-Riverside represented more of Windsor-Tecumseh, so for the list of MPPs, I will follow it.

MPPs:

1)      Solomon Wigle, Cons. (1867-1871)
2)      Albert Prince, Liberal (1871-1875)
3)      J.C. Patterson, Cons. (1875-1878)
4)      Solomon White, Cons. (1878-1886)
5)      J.-B.-N.-G. Pacaud, Liberal (1886-1890)
6)      Solomon White, Cons. (1890-1894) 2nd time
7)      W.J. McKee, Liberal (1894-1902)
8)      J.O. Reaume, Liberal (1902-1914)
9)      J.C. Tolmie, Liberal (1914-1923)
10)  F.W. Wilson, Cons. (1923-1934)
11)  J.H. Clark, Liberal (1934-1943)
12)  Geo. Bennett, CCF (1943-1945)
13)  Wm. Griesinger, Prog. Cons. (1945-1959)
14)  M.L. Belanger, Liberal (1959-1964)
15)  I.W. Thrasher, Prog. Cons. (1964-1967)
16)  F.A. Burr, NDP (1967-1977)
17)  D. Cook, NDP (1977-1997)
18)  Wayne Lessard, NDP (1997-1999)
19)  Dwight Duncan, Liberal (1999-2013)

Political geography

2011 poll map


The NDP has been unable to defeat the popular Dwight Duncan in this traditional NDP seat since winning it first in 1999. The NDP’s 10 point loss in 2011 is actually the closest they have been to unseating him. The 2011 race showed a Liberal vs. NDP divide in the riding. The neighbourhood of East Windsor went heavily NDP, while Walkerville was more of a mix. Riverside and Tecumseh on the other hand went for the Liberals. This divide is the opposite of what one would expect, considering the former riding of Windsor-Riverside was NDP, and the former riding of Windsor-Walkerville was Duncan’s riding. The Conservatives were pretty much irrelevant in the 2011 provincial race, but they did win one of the rural polls, in the far south of the riding, south of the community of Maidstone. Federally, the most recent election saw the Liberals as the irrelevant party. The NDP swept the riding, losing only a handful of polls to the Tories, mostly along the waterfront, in the community of St. Clair Beach, newer subdivisions in the east end of Windsor, and a few rural polls in Tecumseh. The NDP’s best areas were again in East Windsor. Going back in time, the division in the riding has usually been between NDP leaning East Windsor and the Conservative or Liberal outlying areas, while Riverside and Walkerville swing back and forth.

Candidates

The man to beat in this race is the NDP candidate, Windsor city councillor Percy Hatfield, who represents Windsor’s Ward 7 on city council. This ward is in the far eastern end of the city, and includes the neighbourhoods of East Riverside and Forest Glade. This ward isn’t the most NDP friendly in the city, which means that a councillor from the area is sure to help take personal votes with him. For the record, Dwight Duncan won the ward in 2011, but it has gone NDP federally since 2004. If the riding turns into its federal counterpart in terms of how it votes, than we can expect the Tories to come in second, and that is precisely what polls show. The Tories are running automotive consultant Robert de Verteuil. One wouldn’t expect the Tories to run anyone on the labour side of things, but how will a consultant play in a strong union riding? The Liberals are running Jeewin Gill, a husband of a CAW union member, at least. Gill himself is a businessman.  The Greens are running Adam Wright, a student at the University of Windsor.


Conclusion

All bets are off as I expect a wild by-election night. Things are looking so bad for the Liberals, that a “win” for them would be losing just one seat. A loss for the Liberals would be losing anything more than 2 seats. The Tories entered the by-election campaign with low expectations, but there are now high expectations for the party. Going empty handed would be a big loss for the party. A win would have them netting at least two seats, but a true win would have them win three. And for the NDP, a win would be to pick up more than one seat. A loss would be going empty handed, or even just scraping by in Windsor-Tecumseh.

Polls close at 9PM. Don’t forget to follow me on Twitter as I comment on the results.